Enhanced Braking of E-Scooters

The growing popularity of e-scooters is unfortunately accompanied by an increasing number of accidents and injuries. To improve the safety properties of this new type of vehicles, a braking assistance system is outlined in this study. Based on a simulation model of e-scooter, tyre–road contact, and human rider body, strategies are investigated to achieve minimal stopping distances while maintaining a stable driving condition. Effects of the actual tyre–road friction conditions and the standing position of the rider on optimised distributions of front and rear braking forces are analysed. Estimation methods for the tyre–road friction potential as well as the inertial parameters of the combined vehicle–rider system are gradually included, and the respective model parameters and input signals are derived from an instrumented e-scooter.