Defining and Assessing Uncertainty in India’s Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD)

Gross Expenditure on Research & Development (GERD) is the most referred to indicator in the S&T policy setup across the world. However, this expenditure is presented in a point estimate format, thus signalling incredible certitude. In this poster, we attempt to define the ways in which the uncertainty in GERD of India manifests itself. These manifestations of uncertainty are of reliability, accessibility, availability, and international comparability. We then go on to assess reliability-associated uncertainty in central and state government’s expenditure on R&D through the proxy of variability in official sources.