Revised Open Science Indicators: Trends in preprint, data, and code sharing, 2019-2022

To provide reliable information on the adoption of Open Science practices, the Public Library of Science (PLOS) defined underlying principles and a framework for measuring Open Science practices across the scholarly literature. PLOS then partnered with DataSeer to develop a solution, Open Science Indicators (OSI), which uses natural language processing and artificial intelligence in its methodology. The OSI results show increasing adoption of data sharing, code sharing and preprint posting from 2019 to 2022 in a cohort of 78,744 analyzed research articles, New results will be released quarterly in 2023. OSI data and methods are shared openly to enable their reuse, and to support the work of other organizations and researchers who seek better evidence on the adoption of Open Science.