Knowledge and Associated Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in the United Arab Emirates

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a notable health concern during pregnancy, affecting a considerable number of births globally, with varying prevalence rates reported in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This literature review explores the state of knowledge regarding GDM and its risk factors among individuals in the UAE highlighting the importance of health literacy for adherence to management protocols and improved pregnancy outcomes. It also aims to provide an overview of the factors associated with GDM within the UAE. Studies conducted in the UAE indicate a moderate awareness of GDM among women and students, influenced by marital status, education, and prior exposure. UAE University students demonstrated good awareness of GDM risk factors, particularly a personal history of GDM and pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity, but their awareness of multiparity as a risk factor was limited. Information mainly comes from family, media, and schools, with limited input from healthcare providers. High BMI, previous GDM, family history of diabetes, and older age were found to be the key risk factors for developing GDM in the UAE. This highlights the need for focused health education, pre-pregnancy counselling, and early screening to improve GDM awareness, early detection, and reduce complications in the UAE.