Agua y resiliencia climática en Cuba: fundamentos científicos y estrategia didáctica

Water constitutes an exceptional molecular compound whose physicochemical properties emerge from its polar structure and capacity to form three-dimensional networks of hydrogen bonds. This report systematically examines its physical, chemical, and thermodynamic attributes, relating them to essential biogeochemical processes and the dynamics that regulate planetary climate. It is determined that the high specific heat capacity constitutes the physical property of greatest ecosystemic significance, as it allows for the buffering of thermal fluctuations at scales ranging from the cellular interior to the oceans, ensuring the stability of aquatic habitats and modulating the global thermal response to energetic disturbances. Additionally, the dual role of water vapor is analyzed as both an active greenhouse gas and a medium for climate feedback, highlighting its intervention in phenomena such as ocean acidification and the reconfiguration of biogeochemical cycles. The conclusions emphasize the urgency of adopting integrated strategies for the sustainable management of water resources in the face of hydrological cycle alterations caused by climate change.