ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Communicating bad news is challenging in everyday clinical practice; the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) offers opportunities for ethical and effective optimization but raises ethical concerns about preserving empathy and humanization in the physician–patient relationship.METHODS: A scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR (2018–2024) in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and BVS databases, with no language restrictions. Four search strategies retrieved fifteen unique records; eleven studies were selected after dual independent screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts. RESULTS: The narrative analysis identified five main strands: Symptom checkers that enhance autonomy in initial triage but lead to unnecessary referrals. Large language models used in radiology reporting and patient messaging, which speed up report drafting but function as “black boxes,” requiring human review to maintain an empathetic tone. Scientific writing tools that improve manuscript fluency without replacing subject-matter experts. Hybrid protocols (SPIKES AI) that show promise but have been little tested in real-world settings. Ethical challenges such as embedded biases, model “hallucinations,” and lack of transparency. CONCLUSION: AI can alleviate the technical workload of delivering bad news but cannot replace empathetic human interaction. We recommend developing conducting randomized trials to assess impacts on empathy, satisfaction, and patient outcomes in both the short and long term.

The case well remembered is one patient case where communication was lacking among the interprofessional team. The patient was an elderly gentleman admitted to the hospital for pneumonia. He was on a medical floor, and his primary nurse was very busy with other patients. The patient's wife worried about him and wanted to be updated on his condition frequently. However, the nurse could not keep her updated as often as she would like (Lockeman et al., 2021). As a result, the wife became frustrated and began to feel like she was not being heard. The nurse and the wife ended up having a few arguments, which only worsened the situation. Eventually, the wife decided to take her husband home against medical advice. In this case, communication among the interprofessional team was lacking, leading to a negative outcome for the patient.

Reticulated platelets are immature platelets circulating in blood; they reflect the activity of megakaryopoiesis in the bone marrow. Therefore, they can be used as a non-invasive test in patients with thrombocytopenia in various clinical conditions. Reticulated or immature platelet assays are useful for the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia and for monitoring bone marrow recovery afterchemotherapy or stem cell transplantation and several other clinical entities. The concentration of retPLT in bone marrow is on the average 2–3 times higher than in peripheral blood, where they correlate with megakaryocyte numbers. The platelets persist in the circulation for 7–10 days, retPLT have a much shorter lifespan ( < 1 day). Therefore they can act as a marker of megakaryopoietic activity in the bone marrow which gives retPLT clinical and diagnostic utility. This review provides an overview of the clinical conditions in which reticulated platelets or immature platelets can be considered as a diagnostic tool or prognostic tool. This overview also indicates that more research is needed before reticulated or immature platelet assays can be applied in other clinical conditions than thrombocytopenia and after transplantation.

The effects of oral administration of pueraria phaseoloides on the reproductive characteristics of male wistar rats for 53 days were investigated in this research. The experimental animals were randomly sorted into three groups (two test groups and one control group) of four rats each. The two test groups were orally administered 384µg/g/d and 1536µg/g/d of the crude extract of the plant (pueraria phaseoloides) respectively on a daily basis. The control group was treated like the test groups, except that they were administered with 1.75ml of normal saline daily. Compared with the control group, pueraria administration resulted in a slight decrease (P<0.05) in the mean sperm motility, mean relative testes weight and the mean testosterone concentration of the test groups throughout the experimental period. These findings suggest that pueraria phaseoloides has adverse effects on sperm parameters of male wistar rats. Pueraria phaseoloides which contain phytoestrogens that are estrogen mimicking chemicals with estrogenic activities might have altered the hormone receptor expression due to the binding affinity they have for estrogen receptors α and β and androgen receptors.

Diabetes mellitus a chronic, progressive, metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia initially because of tissue insulin resistance and gradually progressing to complete loss of secretory activity of the beta cells of the pancreas, most frequently caused by impaired insulin secretion, resistance to tissue actions of insulin, or a combination of both. Study of hematological changes in diabetic patients along with complete blood count(CBC), hemogram derived novel markers including Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Monocyte-Lymphocyte ratio (MLR),Red cell distribution width-Review Article 2 Platelet ratio (RPR),Mean Platelet Volume to Lymphocyte Ratio (MPVLR) Platelet-Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) etc and its diagnostic and prognostic value in diabetes mellitus and its complications are reviewed in this literature review which may shed fresh light on developing new treatment plans on diabetic patients and help doctors in the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic patients with or without complications, helping with diabetes early diagnosis, and early detection of long-term complications in diabetes patients, which results in improving quality of life in diabetic patients.

Aim: Here in this study we are focusing on antibody titre level of different age groups, and discuss its importance in various clinical scenarios. Objectives: To find out the Anti A, Anti B titre levels in A, B and O blood group individuals, the pattern of titre level, and to look for any gender predominance and discuss clinical significance of antibody titre level in various aspects of transfusion. Method: The study were performed on a total of 300 blood samples received in Blood Bank at St. John's medical College Hospital, Bangalore for blood grouping and typing and donor samples received for cross matching. Samples were categorized into 4 groups.30 samples collected from the age group of 5 months to 1 year and 90 samples each collected from rest of following groups. 5-10 years, 20-25 years and 60-65 years. Result: In our study we concluded that the naturally occurring ABO antibodies begins to synthesize at the age of 5-6 months will reach its peak level by the age of 20-25 years and gradually decrease as the age advances. There is no significant difference in the levels of Anti A and Anti B levels of 'A' and 'B' group & Anti A, Anti B levels in 'O' group individuals. Titre levels of both the antibodies seem to show similar values in both the genders. Conclusion: Various transfusion requirements like, pregnancy, Incompatible transfusion due to unavailability of compatible group, plasma apheresis, plasma exchange, incompatible platelet transfusion, ABO incompatible organ transplantation require thorough monitoring of naturally occurring Antibodies, So we suggest that Compulsory antibody titration of all donors, especially O group donors (as they produce IgG type antibodies) should be done.

Clinical laboratory professionals form the backbone of modern health care system. Work stress affects the overall physical and mental wellbeing of clinical laboratory professionals and their productivity. Long term untreated stress can lead to complications including cardiovascular diseases, mental illness, and musculoskeletal disorders. The objective of the study was to assess the work stress among clinical laboratory professionals, evaluate the work stress coping strategies, and to assess how effectively they get support in dealing with stress with the help of stress management programmes. Methods: A total of 228 clinical laboratory professionals have taken part in the study. The study period was from 15 th April 2023-24 th April 2023. Snowball sampling technique was used where online survey questionnaire developed using The Workplace Stress Scale™ was shared and the data were analyzed. Two more questions were included in the study to know the coping strategies used by clinical laboratory professionals to manage work stress and how effectively work stress management workshops/programmes are used to monitor and resolve work stress and reduce or eliminate stress at the workplace. Results: Out of 228 participants, 43.85 % experienced fairly low stress to no stress whereas 39.47 % percentage of participants reported moderate stress and 16.66 % of the participant experienced severe stress out of which 2.19% had stress level which is potentially dangerous and should seek professional assistance which suggests that workplace stress is present among clinical laboratory professionals. Most of the participants in the study were females 164 (71.93%) 42.69% experienced fairly low to no stress,40.24% reported moderate stress,17.07% experienced severe stress including 1.22% having potentially dangerous stress. Out of 64 (28.07%) males, 46.88 % had fairly low to no stress,37.5% had moderate stress ,15.63% had severe stress out of which 4.69% had potentially dangerous stress levels. Interpretation and Conclusion: Employees need to develop coping mechanisms to reduce stress at work. Work stress coping strategies should be employed at management and individual levels to reduce the work-related stress. Organizations must conduct workshops on stress management, motivation, and education to assist clinical laboratory professionals in handling their work-related stress professionally.

In the dynamic landscape of the pharmaceutical industry, traditional marketing strategies often fall short of effectively reaching target audiences and driving desired outcomes. This whitepaper explores the pivotal role of data-driven insights in enhancing pharmaceutical marketing strategies. By harnessing the power of data analytics, pharmaceutical companies can tailor their approaches, optimize resource allocation, and achieve better engagement and conversion rates. This paper delves into the importance of leveraging data-driven insights, the methodologies involved, and the benefits of implementing such strategies.

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The development of vaccines plays a crucial role in global health, yet the ability of developing countries to develop their vaccines remains limited. This comprehensive article explores the multifaceted challenges faced by developing nations in vaccine development, incorporating data, statistics, and references from relevant studies. By examining the barriers related to research and development infrastructure, technology transfer, intellectual property rights, regulatory systems, manufacturing capacities, and funding, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of why the developing world faces difficulties in achieving self-sufficiency in vaccine development.